标题: 英文问题求解 [打印本页] 作者: ovckmspztobh 时间: 2024-11-7 10:16 标题: 英文问题求解 英文问题求解作者: jevons2010 时间: 2024-11-7 10:16
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可数名词与不可数名词“分家”
一、 可数名词与不可数名词的区别
普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people, family等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。
二、 可数名词的家务事
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:
1.一般的名词词尾直接加-s。如:
book → books room → rooms
house → houses day → days
2.以s, ss, ch, sh, x结尾的名词,在词尾加-es。如:
bus → buses glass → glasses
watch → watches
dish → dishes box → boxes
3.以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:
city → cities body → bodies
factory → factories等等。
4.以f或fe结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如:
half → halves leaf → leaves
knife → knives wife → wives
5.特例[悄悄话:特例常常考,要记住。]
① child → children
② man → men woman → women
policeman → policemen
(规律:man → men)
③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes
[悄悄话: 初中英语以o结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,
其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo → photos ]
④ foot → feet tooth → teeth [悄悄话:oo变成ee。]
⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形 [悄悄话: 变复数时词形不变。]
⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数; people的复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"。
三、 不可数名词的家务事
1.不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:
The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。
2.有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义发生变化。如:
water (水) → waters (水域)
orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)
3.很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。如:
fruit → fruits food → foods
fish → fishes hair → hairs
*** 用所给名词的适当形式填空。
1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?
2. There is some________(food) in the basket.
3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
5. There are five________(people ) in his family.
6. Let's take________(photo), OK?
7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.
10. Their________(dictionary) look new.
11. I see you have a few white________(hair).
12. They are________(woman) doctors.
13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?
14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.
参考答案:
1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves
9.children 10.dictionaries 11.hair,hairs 12.women 13.orange 14.foxes 15.juice
名词可数不可数“六注意”
一、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如:desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。如:some bread,a little milk等。
二、单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a(an),表示特指时,前面要用定冠词the;而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰,表示特指时,前面一定要用定冠词the。如:He is a factory worker.他是一名工人.No one can see air.没有人能看见空气。
三、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of等来修饰,表示"一些,许多"。如:
There are some oranges on the desk.桌子上有一些桔子。
There is a lot of water in the bottle.瓶里有许多水。
四、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如:two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用"单位词+of"来表示数量。如:a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。
五、可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如:
This picture is very beautiful.这幅画很美。
不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但是不可数名词前有复数"单位词"时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:
There are two cups of tea on the table.桌上有两杯茶。
六、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many;对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。 如:
How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果?
How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水?
注意:对不可数名词前的"单位词"的修饰语提问时,疑问词用how many。 如:
How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盘子里有多少片面包?
“行行色色”的名词所有格
在英语中,特别是表示有生命的名词,可以加's表示所属关系,名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。
一、名词词尾加's的所有格
1.一般情况在名词后加's。例如: That girl's coat is in the room.
那个女孩的衣服在房间里。
2.在以s结尾的名词(包括以s结尾的复数名词)后面,只加'。 如果复数名词不是以s结尾的,末尾也要加's。例如:
Today is September 10th, Teachers' Day.今天是九月十日,教师节。
Children's Day is coming, I should buy something new for my son.
儿童节马上就要到了,我应该为我的儿子买一些新东西。
3.表示词组内的并列名词各自的所有关系时,须在各个名词后加's;如果一个东西为两个人或者两个以上的人共同拥有,只在最后一个名词后面加's。例如:
They are John's and Kate's rooms. How beautiful they are!这是约翰和凯特的房间。它们(指房间)太漂亮了!
He is Lily and Lucy's father.他是莉莉和露西的爸爸。
4.表示某人的家、店铺等的所有格,一般可以省略它后面所修饰的名词。
例如: My father and I will have dinner at the Johnson's (home ).
我爸爸和我将要去约翰逊的家吃晚饭。
We will have our hair cut at the barber's(shop) tomorrow afternoon.
明天下午我们要去理发店理发。
5.有些指时间、距离、国家、城镇等的名词,也可以加's构成所有格。
例如: There is something important in today's newspaper.
今天的报纸上有一些重要的东西。
It's about ten minutes' walk from school to our home every day.
每天从学校到我们家步行大约需要十分钟。
6.英语名词所有格修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,后面则可以省略,以防止重复。例如:This is not Dick's dictionary, but is Tom's.
这不是迪克的字典,但是是汤姆的。
二、由of短语构成的所有格
1.表示“无生命的名词”一般与of构成短语,表示所有关系。例如:
There is a river on the other side of the road.在公路的另一边有一条河。
2.有时我们用名词+ of +名词所有格构成双重所有格的形式。例如:
This is a photo of Mr Brown's.这是一张布朗先生的照片。
不用定冠词”the”的八项纪律
一、定冠词不与表示一类人或事物的复数名词连用。例如:
1. I like reading the books.(×) I like reading books.(√)
2. She likes the cats.(×) She likes cats.(√)
二、定冠词不能用在某些习惯用语中的名词前面。例如:
1. I have lunch at the noon.(×) I have lunch at noon.(√)
2. We go to school by the bus.(×) We go to school by bus.(√)
三、定冠词不能用在某些专用名词和不可数名词前面。例如:
1. I like the China.(×) I like China.(√)
2. Would you like a cup of the water? (×)
Would you like a cup of water?(√)
四、定冠词不能用在节日、日期、月份、季节前面。例如:
1. Today is the Teachers’ Day. (×) Today is Teachers’ Day.(√)
2. He was born in the May in 1987. (×) He was born in May in 1987. (√)
五、定冠词不能用在表示称呼语或某些头衔的名词前面(尤其作表语、宾补时)。
例如: 1. Good morning, the sir!(×) Good morning, sir! (√)
2. I need some help, the Mummy.(×) I need some help, Mummy.(√)
六、定冠词不能与名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等
代词连用。例如: 1. This the pen is mine. (×) This pen is mine.(√)
2. I have the some money. (×) I have some money. (√)
七、定冠词不能用在表示科目名词的前面。例如:
1. We will learn the Chinese, the history and the Maths this afternoon. (×)
We will learn Chinese, history and Maths this afternoon.(√)
2. The English is the most interesting of all the subjects.(×)
English is the most interesting of all the subjects.(√)
八、定冠词不能用在三餐和球类运动名词的前面。例如:
1. She goes to school after the breakfast every morning.(×)
She goes to school after breakfast every morning.(√)
2. We often play the football after school. (×)
We often play football after school. (√)
介词for的用法小结
1.表示“当作、作为”。如:
I like some bread and milk for breakfast.我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。
What will we have for supper?我们晚餐吃什么?
2.表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如:
Thank you for helping me with my English.谢谢你帮我学习英语。
Thank you for your last letter.谢谢你上次的来信。
Thank you for teaching us so well.感谢你如此尽心地教我们。
3.表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如:
Let me pick it up for you.让我为你捡起来。
Watching TV too much is bad for your health.看电视太多有害于你的健康。
4.表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如:
I usually do the running for an hour in the morning.我早晨通常跑步一小时。
We will stay there for two days.我们将在那里逗留两天。
5.表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如:
Let’s go for a walk.我们出去散步吧。
I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。
I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary.我花了20元买这本词典。
6.表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。如:
It’s time for school.到上学的时间了。
Here is a letter for you.这儿有你的一封信。
7.表示“支持、赞成”。如:
Are you for this plan or against it?你是支持还是反对这个计划?
8.用于一些固定搭配中。如:
Who are you waiting for?你在等谁?
For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher.比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。
并列连词“欢聚一堂”
Mr. And:大家好!我是And,把英语句子翻译成汉语时大家经常看不见我的影子,可是在英语中却必不可少。我的任务是把两个或两个以上的有并列关系、动作先后关系或者是有条件和结果关系的句子连接起来。
After lunch Aunt Huang came in and she looked worried.午饭后黄阿姨进来了,她看起来很着急。(表示并列关系)
Mary brushed her teech and she went to bed.
玛丽刷完牙,然后上床睡觉。(表示动作先后关系)
Use your head, and you'll find a good way.动动脑筋,你就会找到好的方法。(表示条件和结果)该句相当于If you use your head, you'll find a good way.
"祈使句,+and +一般将来时的句子"这是一个固定句型,表示"如果做到了祈使句表示的事情,就会有后面句子表示的结果。"如:
Work hard, and you will pass the exam.努力学习,你就会通过考试。
Miss But:Hello, everyone!我是Miss But。我的工作是把两个意思相反或相对的句子连接起来。我的同事还有:yet (可是),while (而)等。大家请看:
I heard a big noise and I looked out, but I didn't see anything.
我听到一声巨响,就往外看,但是我什么也没看见。
I'm poor, but I always enjoy myself.我很穷,但是我总是过得很开心。
My elder brother likes playing basketball while I like playing football.我哥哥喜欢打篮球,而我喜欢踢足球。
我是Mr. So. "因此"、"所以"就是我的口头禅。我能迅速地把含有因果关系的两个简单句连接起来。下面请看我的才艺表演。
This is our first lesson, so I don't know all your names.
这是我们的第一节课,因此并不是所有人的名字我都知道。
I am rich, so I can buy myself lots of nice things.
我很富裕,所以我能给自己买很多好东西。
我有一个好朋友Mr. For,他的性格与我很相似,他也喜欢寻根究底,只不过他注重原因,我注重结果。
He shook his head, for he thought differently.
他摇头(表示否决),因为他有不同的见解。
我是Miss Or,我是一个和蔼可亲的人,一般情况下我不会强迫某人去做某一件事情,我可以让他(她)自己做出选择。有时,我也会比较严厉,这时候我会用命令的语气说"做好某事,否则(要不然)就会……"。让我给大家献个"丑"吧!
You may do it yourself, or you can ask someone to help you.
你可以自己做,你也可以请人来帮你。
Work hard, or you can't pass the exam.(= If you don't work hard,
you can't pass the exam.)努力学习,否则你就会考试不及格。
"祈使句,+ or +一般将来时的句子"是一个固定句型,表示"如果不做到祈使句表示的事情,就会有后面句子表示的结果。"
并列句的特点是:并列句必须由两个或两个以上的主语、谓语结构组成,并且它们之间互不依从,通常它们之间由并列连词连接,去掉连词后它们都可以独立成句。
如果一个主语有两个或两个以上的谓语动词;或者有两个或两个以上的主语,却只有一个谓语动词不是并列句。例如:
He closed the window, put on his coat, opened the door and went out.
他关上窗户,穿上大衣,打开门出去了。
Jim , Tom and I are in the same class.我和吉姆、汤姆在同一个班。
巩固练习:
1. Be careful, _________ you will fall off the tree.
a. so b. or c. but d. and
2. Never give up, _____ you'll make it. a. and b. but c. or d. yet
3. Lucy and Lily are twins. Lucy likes playing basketball,
_________ Lily doesn't. a. and b. as c. but d. or
4. Mr Brown knows little Japanese, _________ he can't understand the instructions(用法说明)on the bottle of the pills.
a. so b. or c. but d. for
5. My uncle doesn't have much money, ______ he always enjoys himself.
a. but b. so c. and d. or
介词for的用法小结
1.表示“当作、作为”。如:
I like some bread and milk for breakfast.我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。
What will we have for supper?我们晚餐吃什么?
2.表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如:
Thank you for helping me with my English.谢谢你帮我学习英语。
Thank you for your last letter.谢谢你上次的来信。
Thank you for teaching us so well.感谢你如此尽心地教我们。
3.表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如:
Let me pick it up for you.让我为你捡起来。
Watching TV too much is bad for your health.看电视太多有害于你的健康。
4.表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如:
I usually do the running for an hour in the morning.我早晨通常跑步一小时。
We will stay there for two days.我们将在那里逗留两天。
5.表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如:
Let’s go for a walk.我们出去散步吧。
I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。
I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary.我花了20元买这本词典。
6.表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。
如: It’s time for school.到上学的时间了。
Here is a letter for you.这儿有你的一封信。
7.表示“支持、赞成”。如:
Are you for this plan or against it?你是支持还是反对这个计划?
8.用于一些固定搭配中。如:
Who are you waiting for?你在等谁?
For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher.比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。
with用法全屏显示
with是介词,但其意义颇多,一时难掌握。为帮助大家理清头绪,请允许我以教材中的句子为例,进行分类,并配以简单的解释,为同学作一个全屏显示。你们可要看好哟!
1.带着,牵着…… (表动作特征)。如:
Run with the kite like this.
2.附加、附带着……(表事物特征)。如:
A glass of apple juice, two glasses of coke, two hamburgers with potato chips, rice and fish.
3.和…… (某人)一起。
a.跟某人一起(居住、吃、喝、玩、交谈……)。如:
Now I am in China with my parents.
Sometimes we go out to eat with our friends.
He / She's talking with a friend.
b.跟go, come连用,有"加入"到某方的意思。如:
Do you want to come with me?
4.和play一起构成短语动词play
with意为"玩耍……,玩弄……"如:
Two boys are playing with their yo-yos.
5.与help一起构成help...with...句式,意为"帮助(某人)做(某事)"。如:
On Monday and Wednesday, he helps his friends with their English.
6.表示面部神情,有"含着……,带着……"如:
"I'm late for school," said Sun Yang, with tears in his eyes.
7.表示"用……"如:
You play it with your feet. What do the farmers do with your machines?
8.表示"对……, 关于……"。如:
What's wrong with it? There's something wrong with my computer.
一般现在时自述
一般现在时,1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
第二,请看我的面目--构成:
1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:
I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:
We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
第三,我的变化--否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句:
1. be动词的变化。
否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。
如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。
如:-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。
否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:
I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:
He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:
- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?
揭开“第三人称单数”的秘密
一、第三人称代词he, she, it作主语时。例如:
She is very good at English.她英语学得好。
He studies in a middle school.他在一所中学学习。
二、单独使用的人名、地名或称呼语作主语时。例如:
Jim often plays football with his friends.吉姆经常和他的朋友们踢足球。
Does Uncle Wang like making things?王叔叔喜欢做东西吗?
三、不可数名词作主语时。例如:
Is there any juice in the bottle?瓶里有果汁吗?
四、单数可数名词作主语时。例如:
The box is in your room.箱子在你的房间里。
What is that girl doing over there?那女孩在那边干什么?
五、单个数字、算式或单个字母作主语时。例如:
Three plus nine is twelve.三加九等于十二。
"I" is an English letter. "I"是个英语字母。
六、指示代词this, that等作主语时。例如:
This is her red pen.这是她的红钢笔。
七、代词one作主语时。例如:
One of them is watching TV.他们中的一个人正在看电视。
八、不定代词something, anything, nothing等作主语时。例如:
There's something wrong with the computer.这台电脑坏了。
“一般过去时”登台亮相
I.一般过去时的概念
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:last year, yesterday等; 也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作,常和often, always等频率副词连用。
例如:①I saw him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上看见他了。
②Li Mei always went to school on foot last year.去年李梅总是步行上学。
II.一般过去时的构成
我们主要来学习谓语动词为实义动词的一般过去时的构成。
动词过去式的构成:
(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则:
①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如:look-looked。
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ed。如:live-lived。
③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop-stopped。
④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,然后再加-ed。如:study-studied。
(2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如:am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。
III.一般过去时的几种句型
肯定句结构为:主语+动词的过去式+其它。如:He went to the toy store yesterday.他昨天去玩具店了。
否定句结构为:主语+did not (didn't)+动词原形+其它。如:He didn't go to the toy store yesterday.他昨天没去玩具店。
一般过去时的一般疑问句的构成:Did+主语+动词原形+其它?如:
1) -Did you go to Beijing last week? -Yes, we did. (No, we didn't.)
2) -Did you meet the businessman before? -No, I didn't. (Yes, I did.)
一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成:疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?如:
1) -What did you do last night? -I did my homework.
2) -Where did you go last week? -I went to Shanghai with my parents.